Reinforcing means for composite structures.



J.- F. HAVEMEYER. BEINPOBGING MEANS FOR COMPOSITE STRUCTURES.

- Patented Apr. 16, 1912;

may.

minesses:

JOHN F. HAVEMEYER,

or annsLnY-on-Hnnscn, NEW YORK.

REINFORCING MEANS FOR COMPOSITE STRUCTURES.

Specification of letters Patent.

rammed Apr. 16, 1912.

Application filed March 23,1908. Serial No. 422,604.

of Ardsley-on-Hudson, county of Westches- I ter, and State of New York,

have invented an Improvement in Reinforcing Means for Composite Structures, of which the follow- I ing description, in connection with the accollectively,

companying drawings, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representing like arts.

This invention relates to reinforcing means intended to be embedded in concrete and the like, to contribute to the strength of the composite structure.

The invention comprises an article having improved features of construction whereby reinforcing means may be given the requisite strength, may be conveniently manipulated, and economical in manufacture.

The character of the invention may be best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings showing, merely for purposes of illustration, one of the embodiments of which the invention is susceptible.

In the drawings,-Figures 1 and 2 are perspectives of an illustrative bar in different positions; Figs. 3, 4 and 5, transverse sections of the illustrative bar, taken respectively on the lines 3-3, 1-4 and 5-5 of Fig. 2; and, Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic section similar to Fig. 3, showing forming elements such as rolls.

The specific bar shown in the drawings is polyhedral; and it has along its length a plurality of groups of bonding deformations to engage the enveloping concrete or the like. One of thesegroups consists preferably of one or more projections 10, 11 on a face of the bar, produced by molding, compression, rolling, or by any suitable process or means. The presence of a projection 10 or 11 slightly increases a transverse dimension of the bar passing therethrough; and to compensate for such increasethereby to preserve uniformity of cross sectional area of the barone or more compensating depressions 12 are provided in a group of deformations. The projections 10, 11 and depressions 12, whether produced simultaneously or by separate, distinct process or means, are so proportioned and disposed transversely of the bar in groups, that throughout its length the bar may remain of substantially uniform cross sectional area,

tions 10 and 11, and the depressions 12.,

the projections being more adjuncts to the body of the bar, formed without necessary squeezing, twisting, fiattening or otherwise distorting the greater part of the material of the bar. Thus the projections may supply part of the unitary strength of the bar while obviating the wasteful use of the material provided merely to form bonding projections, which is substantially superfluous so far as strength is concerned. Moreover, a bar of the character described may be formed by manipulating and deforming only a small proportion of the entire volume of the bar; and consequently the condition of the bar material as a whole may be preserved if desired substantially unchanged, whatever the process or means or state of the material employed. Preferably, the projections 10, 11 are attenu ated and have their greatest dimensions disposed lengthwise the bar, the steel or other fibers forming the projections being distort- ,ed at only a slight angle to the axis of the bar. Any distortions of fiber, such as occur in forming projections on the surface of a bar, has the effect of increasing the stress exerted upon said fiber, as compared to the normal axial stress onthebar; and such in-- crease is proportionate to the angle distortion. Accordingly, by minimizing angles of distortion of fibers, stresses at different parts of the bar are given maximum. uniformity and the uniform strength of the bar is most nearly preserved.

The structural plan explained is preferably carried out in forming both the projepn the illustrative form of bar each depression 12 is formed in a corner of the bar, adjacent projections having between them a part 13 of the original corner, from which part the material preferably tapers in opposite directions and terminates at its opposite, pointed extremities near the bottom of depressions 12, 12. In this manner the corner parts 13, although in themselves they are substantially undeformed parts of the original bar, may have each the same shape as one of the projections 10, 11, with all the advantages arising from such shape.

The described arrangement in effect divides the depressions 12 into two attenuated parts, lying at opposite sides of the corner portions 13, thus providing attenuated conveyed portions merging into attenuated convex portions, with very gentle graduations formity of strength; for example, being of' in the distortion of the fibers. The depressions 12-are in fact substantially X-shaped, as will be seen from Fig. 2 of the drawing. The slight angles of distortion prevailing on -thesurface of the bar may avoid the pres- "ence of any acute recesses, into which it might bedifficult to mold or otherwise apply the enveloping concrete or other material.

It will be observed in the illustrative embodiment shown in the drawings that adjacent deformations may be at least partly sepsuch separation. may toa greater or less degree permit a part of the orlglnal surface of v the bar to be preserved against distortion with the resulting increased stress upon the distorted fibers. It is of substantial advantage to provide a bar which, while having the requisite bonding deformations, has its body and surface as little distorted as possible, thereby providing a maximum degree of uniformity and reliability in the strength of the bar. A bar embodying the present invention, as will appear to those skilled in the art, possesses this desirable qualification in the highest degree.

The illustrative bar is of such construction that its original shape is substantially preserved in spite of the deformations; that is to say, the bar is preferably not laterally extended to any extent whatever as by hammering, compressing, squeezing or flattening the body of the bar so as materially to distort its original shape. This renders the bar easy to handle and assemble in reinforcing units and the like and contributes to unisubstantially the same shape throughout, it is capable of resisting uniformly a flexing force of any directon.

A method of producing the specific bar, and the structural features contemplating such a method, are of value in the art. It will be observed in the polygonal bar shown that certain parts, for instance alternate corners 14, 14, are not materially distorted, they retaining substantially unchanged the original surface of the bar. Intervening between these alternate corners 14, 14 on one side of the bar are groups of projections 10, 11 and depressions 12; and preferably these deformations compensate mutually, quite independently of any deformations on 4 the remaining faces of thebar. With such an arrangement the deformations on one side of the bar may be made independentlyfrom those on another side, and nevertheless uniformity of cross section will be preserved. At the same time, those parts of the bar (exemplified by corners 14, 14) intervening between the independently deformed portions distortions would be imperfectly produced and uniformity of cross-section destroyed. According, however, to a preferred method contemplated by my invention, adjacent parts of cooperating rollers have no deforming function; and if desired all compensating depressions and projections may be formed by parts of one remote from the other roller. Such a method is clearly superior, as Will appear to those familiar with the art, to those in which rollers or other forming elements are required to havecoacting meshing or mating deforming devices at proximate points.

It is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not essentially limited to the details of construction shown nor to the described illustrative mode. of manufacture; nor is it indispensable-that all the features of the invention be employed collectively, since they may be used to advantage separately.

Reinforcing means embodying this invention may be used in forming composite structures in any practicable manner, as by molding concrete about one or more of them.

Claims:

1. A reinforcing bar having projections formed side by side upon at least two adjacent faces and also having a flattened edge between said faces, the said edge itself being provided with projections staggered in "relation to said face project-ions, whereby to produce a bar of uniform cross section throughout.

2. A reinforcing bar having shuttleshaped projections formed side by side upon at least two adjacent faces and also having a flattened edge between said faces, the said edge itself being provided 'with tapering projections staggered in relation to said face projections and overlapping the same, whereby to produce a bar of uniform cross section throughout.

8. A reinforcing bar having a sin 1e line of tapering projections extending engthwise upon each at least of two adjacent faces and also havinga flattened edge between said faces, the said edge itself being provided with tapering projections overlapping name to this specification, in the presence of the iafie projections anld stag ere; inhrelgi two subscribing witnesses. tion t ereto so as to eave at s ap spaces along said edge between the projec-' JOHN HAVEMEYER' 5 tions, whereby to produce a bar of uniform Witnesses:

cross section throughout. C. T. MmDLEBRooK, J12,

In testimony whereof, I have signed my W. A.- 'CoRIELL. 

